CTAP Science and Policy Papers
- Emerging Issues: Invasive Species (In progress)
- Ecosystem Conservation and Management in an Era of Global Climate Change
- Forest Conservation and Management
- Grassland Conservation and Management
- Wetland Conservation and Management
Peer-reviewed Publications
6437486
1
cse-name-year
50
date
desc
year
1
23
https://ctap.inhs.illinois.edu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22BM23CPRB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Emmet%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-08-29%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BEmmet%20RL%2C%20Stodola%20KW%2C%20Benson%20TJ%2C%20Allen%20ML.%202023.%20Effects%20of%20multiple%20aspects%20of%20anthropogenic%20landscape%20change%20on%20mesopredator%20relative%20abundance%20Ferreras%20P%2C%20editor.%20Wildlife%20Res.%2051%281%29%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.publish.csiro.au%5C%2FWR%5C%2FWR22080%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.publish.csiro.au%5C%2FWR%5C%2FWR22080%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1071%5C%2FWR22080%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20of%20multiple%20aspects%20of%20anthropogenic%20landscape%20change%20on%20mesopredator%20relative%20abundance%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Emmet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kirk%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stodola%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maximilian%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Allen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pablo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferreras%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Context%20Anthropogenic%20landscape%20changes%20have%20substantial%20effects%20on%20biodiversity%20and%20animal%20populations%20worldwide.%20However%2C%20anthropogenic%20landscape%20change%20can%20take%20a%20variety%20of%20forms%2C%20and%20its%20effects%20on%20wildlife%20species%20can%20vary%20by%20landscape%20context%20and%20scale.%20It%20is%20therefore%20critical%20that%20studies%20of%20the%20effects%20of%20anthropogenic%20landscape%20change%20on%20wildlife%20consider%20landscape%20context%20and%20model%20effects%20of%20landscape%20change%20at%20multiple%20scales.%20Mesopredators%20serve%20as%20an%20excellent%20case%20study%20of%20scale-dependent%20and%20even%20contradictory%20effects%20of%20anthropogenic%20landscape%20change%2C%20because%20mesopredator%20populations%20can%20respond%20both%20positively%20and%20negatively%20to%20landscape%20change%20depending%20on%20its%20form%20%28e.g.%20agricultural%20production%2C%20urbanisation%29%20and%20scale.%20Aims%20The%20aim%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20model%20relationships%20between%20multiple%20aspects%20of%20anthropogenic%20landscape%20change%2C%20including%20agricultural%20production%20and%20the%20proliferation%20of%20non-native%20shrubs%2C%20and%20relative%20abundance%20of%20three%20mesopredator%20species%3A%20Virginia%20opossum%20%28Didelphis%20virginiana%29%2C%20striped%20skunk%20%28Mephitis%20mephitis%29%2C%20and%20raccoon%20%28Procyon%20lotor%29.%20Methods%20We%20summarised%20landscape%20variables%20at%20two%20scales%20and%20built%20both%20single-scale%20and%20multi-scale%20models%20linking%20relative%20abundance%20of%20mesopredators%20to%20landscape%20variables.%20Key%20results%20We%20found%20that%20relative%20abundance%20of%20all%20three%20species%20was%20most%20related%20to%20either%20the%20transition%20from%20natural%20areas%20to%20agricultural%20areas%20%28brown-to-green%20gradient%29%20or%20the%20likelihood%20of%20presence%20of%20non-native%20shrubs.%20We%20also%20found%20that%20responses%20to%20anthropogenic%20landscape%20change%20varied%20by%20spatial%20scale%3B%20for%20instance%2C%20skunks%20and%20raccoons%20had%20higher%20relative%20abundance%20in%20parts%20of%20Illinois%20with%20more%20forest%20cover%20and%20agriculture%2C%20respectively%2C%20but%20avoided%20more%20highly%20forested%20and%20agricultural%20areas%2C%20respectively%2C%20at%20smaller%20scales.%20Conclusions%20Mesopredator%20responses%20to%20landscape%20change%20were%20highly%20variable%20and%20scale-dependent%2C%20but%20were%20generally%20related%20to%20transitions%20from%20forest%20to%20agriculture%20or%20the%20presence%20of%20non-native%20shrubs.%20Implications%20Our%20study%20demonstrates%20the%20need%20to%20model%20effects%20of%20anthropogenic%20landscape%20change%20at%20multiple%20scales%2C%20given%20the%20differing%20results%20that%20can%20be%20achieved%20when%20landscape%20variables%20are%20measured%20at%20multiple%20scales.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-8-29%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1071%5C%2FWR22080%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.publish.csiro.au%5C%2FWR%5C%2FWR22080%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221035-3712%2C%201448-5494%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223AQJ9GDJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Beaury%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBeaury%20EM%20et%20al.%202023.%20Macroscale%20analyses%20suggest%20invasive%20plant%20impacts%20depend%20more%20on%20the%20composition%20of%20invading%20plants%20than%20on%20environmental%20context.%20Global%20Ecol%20Biogeogr.%2032%2811%29%3A1964%26%23x2013%3B1976%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgeb.13749%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgeb.13749%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgeb.13749%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Macroscale%20analyses%20suggest%20invasive%20plant%20impacts%20depend%20more%20on%20the%20composition%20of%20invading%20plants%20than%20on%20environmental%20context%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Evelyn%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beaury%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helen%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sofaer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Regan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Early%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ian%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pearse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dana%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blumenthal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Corbin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Diez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dukes%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barnett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22In%5Cu00e9s%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ib%5Cu00e1%5Cu00f1ez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22La%5Cu00eds%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Petri%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Montserrat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vil%5Cu00e0%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bethany%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bradley%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Aim%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Native%20biodiversity%20is%20threatened%20by%20the%20spread%20of%20non%5Cu2010native%20invasive%20species.%20Many%20studies%20demonstrate%20that%20invasions%20reduce%20local%20biodiversity%20but%20we%20lack%20an%20understanding%20of%20how%20impacts%20vary%20across%20environments%20at%20the%20macroscale.%20Using%20~11%2C500%20vegetation%20surveys%20from%20ecosystems%20across%20the%20United%20States%2C%20we%20quantified%20how%20the%20relationship%20between%20non%5Cu2010native%20plant%20cover%20and%20native%20plant%20diversity%20varied%20across%20different%20compositions%20of%20invading%20plants%20%28measured%20by%20non%5Cu2010native%20plant%20richness%20and%20evenness%29%20and%20environmental%20contexts%20%28measured%20by%20productivity%20and%20human%20activity%29.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Location%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Continental%20United%20States.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Time%20Period%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Surveys%20from%201990s%5Cu2010present.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Major%20Taxa%20Studied%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Terrestrial%20plant%20communities.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Methods%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20We%20fit%20mixed%20effects%20models%20to%20understand%20how%20native%20plant%20richness%2C%20diversity%20and%20evenness%20varied%20with%20non%5Cu2010native%20cover.%20We%20tested%20how%20this%20relationship%20varied%20when%20non%5Cu2010native%20cover%20interacted%20with%20non%5Cu2010native%20plant%20richness%20and%20evenness%2C%20and%20with%20productivity%20and%20human%20activity.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Results%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Across%20the%20United%20States%2C%20communities%20with%20greater%20cover%20of%20non%5Cu2010native%20plants%20had%20lower%20native%20plant%20richness%20and%20diversity%20but%20higher%20evenness%2C%20suggesting%20rare%20native%20plants%20can%20be%20lost%20while%20dominant%20plants%20decline%20in%20abundance.%20The%20relationship%20between%20non%5Cu2010native%20cover%20and%20native%20community%20diversity%20varied%20with%20non%5Cu2010native%20plant%20richness%20and%20evenness%20but%20was%20not%20associated%20with%20productivity%20and%20human%20activity.%20Negative%20associations%20were%20strongest%20in%20areas%20with%20low%20non%5Cu2010native%20richness%20and%20evenness%2C%20characterizing%20plant%20communities%20that%20were%20invaded%20by%20a%20dominant%20non%5Cu2010native%20plant.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Main%20Conclusions%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Non%5Cu2010native%20plant%20cover%20provides%20a%20first%20approximation%20of%20invasion%20impacts%20on%20native%20community%20diversity%2C%20but%20the%20magnitude%20of%20impact%20depended%20on%20non%5Cu2010native%20plant%20richness%20and%20evenness.%20Relationships%20between%20non%5Cu2010native%20cover%20and%20native%20diversity%20were%20consistent%20in%20strength%20across%20continental%20scale%20gradients%20of%20productivity%20and%20human%20activity.%20Therefore%2C%20at%20the%20macroscale%2C%20invasive%20plant%20impacts%20on%20native%20plant%20communities%20likely%20depend%20more%20on%20the%20characteristics%20of%20the%20invading%20plants%2C%20that%20is%20the%20presence%20of%20a%20dominant%20invader%2C%20than%20on%20the%20environmental%20context.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2211%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fgeb.13749%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fgeb.13749%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221466-822X%2C%201466-8238%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UPJZJVKD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Roche%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BRoche%20MD%20et%20al.%202023.%20Invasion%26%23x2010%3Bmediated%20mutualism%20disruption%20is%20evident%20across%20heterogeneous%20environmental%20conditions%20and%20varying%20invasion%20intensities.%20Ecography.%202023%287%29%3Ae06434%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fnsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fecog.06434%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fnsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fecog.06434%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fecog.06434%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Invasion%5Cu2010mediated%20mutualism%20disruption%20is%20evident%20across%20heterogeneous%20environmental%20conditions%20and%20varying%20invasion%20intensities%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Morgan%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roche%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ian%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pearse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helen%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sofaer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephanie%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kivlin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Greg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spyreas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Susan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kalisz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20impact%20of%20a%20biological%20invasion%20on%20native%20communities%20is%20expected%20to%20be%20uneven%20across%20invaded%20landscapes%20due%20to%20differences%20in%20local%20abiotic%20conditions%2C%20invader%20abundance%2C%20and%20traits%20and%20composition%20of%20the%20native%20community.%20One%20way%20to%20improve%20predictive%20ability%20about%20the%20impact%20of%20an%20invasive%20species%20given%20variable%20conditions%20is%20to%20exploit%20known%20mechanisms%20driving%20invasive%20species%26%23039%3B%20success.%20Invasive%20plants%20frequently%20exhibit%20allelopathic%20traits%2C%20which%20can%20be%20directly%20toxic%20to%20plants%20or%20indirectly%20impact%20them%20via%20disruption%20of%20root%20symbionts%2C%20including%20mycorrhizal%20fungi.%20The%20indirect%20mechanism%20%5Cu2013%20mutualism%20disruption%20%5Cu2013%20is%20predicted%20to%20impact%20plants%20that%20rely%20on%20mycorrhizas%20but%20not%20affect%20non%5Cu2010mycorrhizal%20plant%20species.%20To%20assess%20whether%20invader%5Cu2010driven%20mutualism%20disruption%20explains%20observed%20changes%20in%20native%20plant%20communities%2C%20we%20analyzed%20long%5Cu2010term%20%281998%5Cu20132018%29%20plant%20cover%20data%20from%20forest%20plots%20across%20the%20state%20of%20Illinois.%20We%20evaluated%20native%20plant%20communities%20experiencing%20a%20range%20of%20abundance%20of%20invasive%20allelopathic%20garlic%20mustard%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Alliaria%20petiolata%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20and%20varying%20environmental%20conditions.%20Consistent%20with%20the%20mutualism%20disruption%20hypothesis%2C%20we%20showed%20that%20as%20garlic%20mustard%20abundance%20increased%20over%20time%20in%200.25%20m%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%202%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20sampling%20quadrats%2C%20the%20abundance%20of%20mycorrhizal%20plant%20species%20decreased%2C%20but%20non%5Cu2010mycorrhizal%20plant%20species%20did%20not.%20Over%20space%20and%20time%2C%20garlic%20mustard%20abundance%20predicted%20plant%20abundances%20and%20diversity%20at%20the%20quadrat%20level%2C%20but%20this%20relationship%20was%20not%20present%20at%20a%20larger%20scale%20when%20quadrats%20were%20aggregated%20within%20sites.%20Garlic%20mustard%26%23039%3Bs%20impact%20on%20the%20plant%20community%20was%20highly%20localized%2C%20yet%20it%20was%20as%20important%20as%20abiotic%20variables%20for%20predicting%20local%20plant%20diversity.%20We%20showed%20that%20garlic%20mustard%20abundance%20was%20a%20key%20predictor%20of%20patterns%20of%20plant%20diversity%20across%20invasion%20intensity%20and%20environmental%20heterogeneity%20in%20a%20way%20that%20is%20consistent%20with%20mutualism%20disruption.%20Our%20work%20indicates%20that%20the%20mutualism%20disruption%20hypothesis%20can%20provide%20generalizable%20predictions%20of%20the%20impacts%20of%20allelopathic%20invasive%20plants%20that%20are%20evident%20at%20a%20broad%20spatial%20scale.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2207%5C%2F2023%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fecog.06434%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fnsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fecog.06434%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220906-7590%2C%201600-0587%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PNSDKCH5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Mola%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMola%20JM%20et%20al.%202021.%20Long%26%23x2010%3Bterm%20surveys%20support%20declines%20in%20early%20season%20forest%20plants%20used%20by%20bumblebees.%20Journal%20of%20Applied%20Ecology.%2058%287%29%3A1431%26%23x2013%3B1441%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbesjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2664.13886%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbesjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2664.13886%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2664.13886%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Long%5Cu2010term%20surveys%20support%20declines%20in%20early%20season%20forest%20plants%20used%20by%20bumblebees%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mola%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leif%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Richardson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Greg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spyreas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ian%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pearse%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Populations%20of%20bumblebees%20and%20other%20pollinators%20have%20declined%20over%20the%20past%20several%20decades%20due%20to%20numerous%20threats%2C%20including%20habitat%20loss%20and%20degradation.%20However%2C%20we%20can%20rarely%20investigate%20the%20role%20of%20resource%20loss%20due%20to%20a%20lack%20of%20detailed%20long%5Cu2010term%20records%20of%20forage%20plants%20and%20habitats.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20We%20used%2022%5Cu2010year%20repeated%20surveys%20of%20more%20than%20262%20sites%20located%20in%20grassland%2C%20forest%2C%20and%20wetland%20habitats%20across%20Illinois%2C%20USA%20to%20explore%20how%20the%20abundance%20and%20richness%20of%20bumblebee%20food%20plants%20have%20changed%20over%20the%20period%20of%20decline%20of%20the%20endangered%20rusty%20patched%20bumblebee%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Bombus%20affinis%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20We%20documented%20a%20decline%20in%20abundance%20of%20bumblebee%20forage%20plants%20in%20forest%20understories%2C%20which%20our%20phenology%20analysis%20suggests%20provide%20the%20primary%20nectar%20and%20pollen%20sources%20for%20foundress%20queens%20in%20spring%2C%20a%20critical%20life%20stage%20in%20bumblebee%20demography.%20By%20contrast%2C%20the%20per%5Cu2010unit%20area%20abundance%20of%20food%20plants%20in%20primarily%20midsummer%5Cu2010flowering%20grassland%20and%20wetland%20habitats%20had%20not%20declined.%20However%2C%20the%20total%20area%20of%20grasslands%20had%20declined%20across%20the%20region%20resulting%20in%20a%20net%20loss%20of%20grassland%20resources.%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Synthesis%20and%20applications%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20.%20Our%20results%20suggest%20a%20decline%20in%20spring%5Cu2010flowering%20forest%20understorey%20plants%20is%20a%20previously%20unappreciated%20bumblebee%20stressor%2C%20compounding%20factors%20like%20agricultural%20intensification%2C%20novel%20pathogen%20exposure%20and%20grassland%20habitat%20loss.%20These%20findings%20emphasize%20the%20need%20for%20greater%20consideration%20of%20habitat%20complementarity%20in%20bumblebee%20conservation.%20We%20conclude%20that%20the%20continued%20loss%20of%20early%20season%20floral%20resources%20may%20add%20additional%20stress%20to%20critical%20life%20stages%20of%20bumblebees%20and%20limit%20restoration%20efforts%20if%20not%20explicitly%20considered%20in%20pollinator%20conservation.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2207%5C%2F2021%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2F1365-2664.13886%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbesjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1365-2664.13886%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220021-8901%2C%201365-2664%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RKASN7ZH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Zinnen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BZinnen%20J%2C%20Spyreas%20G%2C%20Zaya%20DN%2C%20Matthews%20JW.%202021.%20Niche%20ecology%20in%20Floristic%20Quality%20Assessment%3A%20Are%20species%20with%20higher%20conservatism%20more%20specialized%3F%20Ecological%20Indicators.%20121%3A107078%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS1470160X20310177%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS1470160X20310177%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecolind.2020.107078%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Niche%20ecology%20in%20Floristic%20Quality%20Assessment%3A%20Are%20species%20with%20higher%20conservatism%20more%20specialized%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jack%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zinnen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Greg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spyreas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matthews%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2202%5C%2F2021%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ecolind.2020.107078%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS1470160X20310177%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221470160X%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226S4UG5Q7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pearse%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPearse%20IS%2C%20Sofaer%20HR%2C%20Zaya%20DN%2C%20Spyreas%20G.%202019.%20Non%26%23x2010%3Bnative%20plants%20have%20greater%20impacts%20because%20of%20differing%20per%26%23x2010%3Bcapita%20effects%20and%20nonlinear%20abundance%26%23x2013%3Bimpact%20curves%20Vila%20M%2C%20editor.%20Ecology%20Letters.%2022%288%29%3A1214%26%23x2013%3B1220%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fele.13284%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fele.13284%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fele.13284%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Non%5Cu2010native%20plants%20have%20greater%20impacts%20because%20of%20differing%20per%5Cu2010capita%20effects%20and%20nonlinear%20abundance%5Cu2013impact%20curves%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ian%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pearse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helen%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sofaer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Greg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spyreas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Montserrat%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vila%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Invasive%2C%20non%5Cu2010native%20species%20can%20have%20tremendous%20impacts%20on%20biotic%20communities%2C%20where%20they%20reduce%20the%20abundance%20and%20diversity%20of%20local%20species.%20However%2C%20it%20remains%20unclear%20whether%20impacts%20of%20non%5Cu2010native%20species%20arise%20from%20their%20high%20abundance%20or%20whether%20each%20non%5Cu2010native%20individual%20has%20a%20disproportionate%20impact%20%5Cu2013%20that%20is%2C%20a%20higher%20per%5Cu2010capita%20effect%20%5Cu2013%20on%20co%5Cu2010occurring%20species%20compared%20to%20impacts%20by%20native%20species.%20Using%20a%20long%5Cu2010term%20study%20of%20wetlands%2C%20we%20asked%20how%20temporal%20variation%20in%20dominant%20native%20and%20non%5Cu2010native%20plants%20impacted%20the%20abundance%20and%20richness%20of%20other%20plants%20in%20the%20recipient%20community.%20Non%5Cu2010native%20plants%20reached%20higher%20abundances%20than%20natives%20and%20had%20greater%20per%5Cu2010capita%20effects.%20The%20abundance%5Cu2013impact%20relationship%20between%20plant%20abundance%20and%20richness%20was%20nonlinear.%20Compared%20with%20increasing%20native%20abundance%2C%20increasing%20non%5Cu2010native%20abundance%20was%20associated%20with%20steeper%20declines%20in%20richness%20because%20of%20greater%20per%5Cu2010capita%20effects%20and%20nonlinearities%20in%20the%20abundance%5Cu2013impact%20relationship.%20Our%20study%20supports%20eco%5Cu2010evolutionary%20novelty%20of%20non%5Cu2010natives%20as%20a%20driver%20of%20their%20outsized%20impacts%20on%20communities.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2208%5C%2F2019%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fele.13284%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fele.13284%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221461-023X%2C%201461-0248%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JQHHZ9T7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Zaya%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BZaya%20DN%2C%20Pearse%20IS%2C%20Spyreas%20G.%202017.%20Long-Term%20Trends%20in%20Midwestern%20Milkweed%20Abundances%20and%20Their%20Relevance%20to%20Monarch%20Butterfly%20Declines.%20BioScience.%2067%284%29%3A343%26%23x2013%3B356%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Facademic.oup.com%5C%2Fbioscience%5C%2Farticle-lookup%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fbiosci%5C%2Fbiw186%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Facademic.oup.com%5C%2Fbioscience%5C%2Farticle-lookup%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fbiosci%5C%2Fbiw186%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fbiosci%5C%2Fbiw186%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Long-Term%20Trends%20in%20Midwestern%20Milkweed%20Abundances%20and%20Their%20Relevance%20to%20Monarch%20Butterfly%20Declines%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zaya%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ian%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pearse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Greg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spyreas%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2204%5C%2F2017%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fbiosci%5C%2Fbiw186%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Facademic.oup.com%5C%2Fbioscience%5C%2Farticle-lookup%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fbiosci%5C%2Fbiw186%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220006-3568%2C%201525-3244%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KV8GK2X3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Matthews%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMatthews%20JW%2C%20Spyreas%20G%2C%20Long%20CM.%202015.%20A%20null%20model%20test%20of%20Floristic%20Quality%20Assessment%3A%20Are%20plant%20species%26%23x2019%3B%20Coefficients%20of%20Conservatism%20valid%3F%20Ecological%20Indicators.%2052%3A1%26%23x2013%3B7%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS1470160X14005524%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS1470160X14005524%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecolind.2014.11.017%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20null%20model%20test%20of%20Floristic%20Quality%20Assessment%3A%20Are%20plant%20species%5Cu2019%20Coefficients%20of%20Conservatism%20valid%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matthews%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Greg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spyreas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colleen%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Long%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2205%5C%2F2015%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ecolind.2014.11.017%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS1470160X14005524%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221470160X%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KWXSUJRV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pessino%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPessino%20M%2C%20Chabot%20ET%2C%20Giordano%20R%2C%20DeWalt%20RE.%202014.%20Refugia%20and%20postglacial%20expansion%20of%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAcroneuria%20frisoni%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20Stark%20%26amp%3B%20Brown%20%28Plecoptera%3APerlidae%29%20in%20North%20America.%20Freshwater%20Science.%2033%281%29%3A232%26%23x2013%3B249%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1086%5C%2F675306%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1086%5C%2F675306%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1086%5C%2F675306%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Refugia%20and%20postglacial%20expansion%20of%20%3Ci%3EAcroneuria%20frisoni%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20Stark%20%26%20Brown%20%28Plecoptera%3APerlidae%29%20in%20North%20America%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Massimo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pessino%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ember%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chabot%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rosanna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Giordano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20Edward%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeWalt%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2203%5C%2F2014%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1086%5C%2F675306%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1086%5C%2F675306%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222161-9549%2C%202161-9565%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PEK4MMRD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cao%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCao%20Y%20et%20al.%202013.%20Using%20Maxent%20to%20model%20the%20historic%20distributions%20of%20stonefly%20species%20in%20Illinois%20streams%3A%20The%20effects%20of%20regularization%20and%20threshold%20selections.%20Ecological%20Modelling.%20259%3A30%26%23x2013%3B39%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0304380013001695%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0304380013001695%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ecolmodel.2013.03.012%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Using%20Maxent%20to%20model%20the%20historic%20distributions%20of%20stonefly%20species%20in%20Illinois%20streams%3A%20The%20effects%20of%20regularization%20and%20threshold%20selections%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20Edward%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeWalt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jason%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Robinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tari%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tweddale%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hinz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Massimo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pessino%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2206%5C%2F2013%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ecolmodel.2013.03.012%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0304380013001695%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2203043800%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QB3N7JWP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Webb%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-05-30%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BWebb%20JM%20et%20al.%202012.%20A%20DNA%20Barcode%20Library%20for%20North%20American%20Ephemeroptera%3A%20Progress%20and%20Prospects%20Fenton%20B%2C%20editor.%20PLoS%20ONE.%207%285%29%3Ae38063%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.plos.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0038063%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.plos.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0038063%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0038063%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20DNA%20Barcode%20Library%20for%20North%20American%20Ephemeroptera%3A%20Progress%20and%20Prospects%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Webb%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luke%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jacobus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Funk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Boris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kondratieff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christy%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Geraci%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20Edward%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeWalt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Donald%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baird%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Barton%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Richard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Iain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Phillips%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20D.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hebert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brock%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fenton%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012-5-30%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0038063%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.plos.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0038063%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221932-6203%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ETCWW743%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Zhou%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BZhou%20X%20et%20al.%202011.%20Accelerated%20construction%20of%20a%20regional%20DNA-barcode%20reference%20library%3A%20caddisflies%20%28Trichoptera%29%20in%20the%20Great%20Smoky%20Mountains%20National%20Park.%20Journal%20of%20the%20North%20American%20Benthological%20Society.%2030%281%29%3A131%26%23x2013%3B162%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1899%5C%2F10-010.1%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1899%5C%2F10-010.1%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1899%5C%2F10-010.1%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Accelerated%20construction%20of%20a%20regional%20DNA-barcode%20reference%20library%3A%20caddisflies%20%28Trichoptera%29%20in%20the%20Great%20Smoky%20Mountains%20National%20Park%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jason%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Robinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christy%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Geraci%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Charles%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Parker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Oliver%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Flint%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Etnier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruiter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20Edward%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeWalt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luke%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jacobus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20D.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hebert%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2203%5C%2F2011%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1899%5C%2F10-010.1%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1899%5C%2F10-010.1%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220887-3593%2C%201937-237X%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22X8IDCD64%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Zhou%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BZhou%20X%20et%20al.%202010.%20Ephemeroptera%2C%20Plecoptera%2C%20and%20Trichoptera%20fauna%20of%20Churchill%20%28Manitoba%2C%20Canada%29%3A%20insights%20into%20biodiversity%20patterns%20from%20DNA%20barcoding.%20jnbs.%2029%283%29%3A814%26%23x2013%3B837%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbioone.org%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fjournal-of-the-north-american-benthological-society%5C%2Fvolume-29%5C%2Fissue-3%5C%2F09-121.1%5C%2FEphemeroptera-Plecoptera-and-Trichoptera-fauna-of-Churchill-Manitoba-Canada%5C%2F10.1899%5C%2F09-121.1.full%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbioone.org%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fjournal-of-the-north-american-benthological-society%5C%2Fvolume-29%5C%2Fissue-3%5C%2F09-121.1%5C%2FEphemeroptera-Plecoptera-and-Trichoptera-fauna-of-Churchill-Manitoba-Canada%5C%2F10.1899%5C%2F09-121.1.full%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1899%5C%2F09-121.1%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Ephemeroptera%2C%20Plecoptera%2C%20and%20Trichoptera%20fauna%20of%20Churchill%20%28Manitoba%2C%20Canada%29%3A%20insights%20into%20biodiversity%20patterns%20from%20DNA%20barcoding%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Xin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luke%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jacobus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20Edward%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeWalt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adamowicz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20D.%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hebert%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20insect%20orders%20Ephemeroptera%2C%20Plecoptera%2C%20and%20Trichoptera%20%28EPT%29%20are%20particularly%20important%20for%20freshwater%20ecological%20and%20biomonitoring%20studies%2C%20but%20difficulties%20in%20their%20identification%20to%20species%20level%20impede%20research.%20DNA%20barcoding%20provides%20a%20solution%20to%20this%20problem%20by%20linking%20newly%20collected%20specimens%20to%20a%20reference%20library%20of%20authoritatively%20identified%20specimens.%20Here%2C%20we%20consider%20the%20ways%20in%20which%20patterns%20of%20intraspecific%20and%20interspecific%20genetic%20divergences%20in%20the%20barcode%20region%20can%20provide%20rapid%20insights%20into%20the%20taxonomic%20identity%2C%20morphological%20features%2C%20and%20geographical%20distributions%20of%20species.%20Our%20study%20led%20to%20a%20%26gt%3B5%5Cu00d7%20increase%20in%20the%20EPT%20fauna%2C%20including%2068%20caddisfly%2C%2037%20mayfly%2C%20and%207%20stonefly%20species%2C%20recorded%20from%20Churchill.%20DNA%20barcoding%20also%20aided%20detection%20of%20rare%20taxa%2C%20allowed%20identification%20of%20otherwise%20unidentifiable%20life%20stages%2C%20revealed%20several%20potentially%20new%20species%20of%20caddisflies%20and%20mayflies%2C%20and%20suggested%20the%20presence%20of%20cryptic%20species.%20The%20new%20insights%20into%20this%20fauna%20and%20the%20strong%20congruence%20between%20morphological%20and%20molecular%20characters%20affirm%20the%20utility%20of%20DNA%20barcoding%20for%20rapid%20characterization%20of%20the%20diversity%20of%20EPT%20faunas.%20We%20also%20explore%20the%20phenology%20and%20habitat%20preferences%20of%20Churchill%26%23039%3Bs%20trichopterans%20and%20demonstrate%20that%20comprehensive%20sampling%20is%20important%20for%20documenting%20biodiversity%20through%20DNA%20barcoding.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%5C%2F06%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1899%5C%2F09-121.1%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbioone.org%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fjournal-of-the-north-american-benthological-society%5C%2Fvolume-29%5C%2Fissue-3%5C%2F09-121.1%5C%2FEphemeroptera-Plecoptera-and-Trichoptera-fauna-of-Churchill-Manitoba-Canada%5C%2F10.1899%5C%2F09-121.1.full%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220887-3593%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22C9TXM76U%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Spyreas%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010-05-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSpyreas%20G%20et%20al.%202010.%20Biological%20consequences%20of%20invasion%20by%20reed%20canary%20grass%20%28Phalaris%20arundinacea%29.%20Biol%20Invasions.%2012%285%29%3A1253%26%23x2013%3B1267%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10530-009-9544-y%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10530-009-9544-y%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10530-009-9544-y%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10530-009-9544-y%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Biological%20consequences%20of%20invasion%20by%20reed%20canary%20grass%20%28Phalaris%20arundinacea%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Greg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spyreas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wilm%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Allen%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Plocher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ketzner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matthews%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ellis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edward%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heske%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Although%20they%20are%20typically%20assumed%20to%20be%20negative%2C%20the%20consequences%20of%20plant%20invasions%20for%20native%20diversity%20or%20biological%20integrity%20are%20seldom%20broadly%20quantified%20%28i.e.%2C%20for%20multiple%20taxa%20or%20across%20large%20regions%29.%20We%20investigated%20the%20impacts%20associated%20with%20invasion%20of%20wetlands%20by%20reed%20canary%20grass%20%28Phalarisarundinacea%20L.%3B%20RCG%29%20on%20plants%20and%20several%20animal%20groups.%20In%20a%20local%20study%2C%20we%20compared%20plants%2C%20arthropods%2C%20and%20small%20mammals%20on%20treatment%20plots%20with%20reduced%20RCG%20dominance%20to%20those%20on%20highly%20invaded%20plots.%20We%20also%20conducted%20a%20companion%20study%2C%20where%20we%20measured%20RCG%20dominance%20and%20plants%2C%20arthropods%2C%20and%20birds%20in%2082%20randomly%20selected%20wetlands%20across%20Illinois%20%28USA%29%20to%20determine%20if%20our%20experimental%20results%20were%20consistent%20in%20communities%20across%20the%20region.%20Plant%20diversity%2C%20floristic%20quality%2C%20and%20diversity%20and%20abundance%20of%20Homopteran%20insects%20decreased%20with%20RCG%20dominance%20in%20all%20instances.%20Richness%20and%20abundance%20of%20all%20other%20arthropods%20decreased%20with%20increasing%20RCG%20in%20the%20local%20study%2C%20but%20no%20trend%20was%20detected%20in%20communities%20statewide.%20No%20relationship%20between%20total%20abundance%20or%20richness%20of%20small%20mammals%20%28local%29%20or%20birds%20%28statewide%29%20with%20RCG%20was%20detected.%20However%2C%20voles%20and%20shrews%20were%20more%20abundant%2C%20and%20mice%20less%20abundant%2C%20in%20RCG-dominated%20plots.%20These%20results%20support%20the%20hypothesis%20that%20there%20are%20negative%20effects%20for%20multiple%20taxa%20from%20RCG%20invasion.%20Because%20negative%20effects%20observed%20in%20the%20local%20study%20either%20corroborated%2C%20or%20were%20neutral%20with%20respect%20to%20results%20from%20statewide%20surveys%2C%20they%20suggest%20that%20native%20biodiversity%20and%20biological%20integrity%20are%20being%20dampened%20across%20wide%20areas%20of%20this%20invader%5Cu2019s%20range.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010-05-01%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs10530-009-9544-y%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10530-009-9544-y%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221573-1464%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WM23QS35%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Matthews%20and%20Spyreas%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMatthews%20JW%2C%20Spyreas%20G.%202010.%20Convergence%20and%20divergence%20in%20plant%20community%20trajectories%20as%20a%20framework%20for%20monitoring%20wetland%20restoration%20progress.%20Journal%20of%20Applied%20Ecology.%2047%285%29%3A1128%26%23x2013%3B1136%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2664.2010.01862.x%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2664.2010.01862.x%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2664.2010.01862.x%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Convergence%20and%20divergence%20in%20plant%20community%20trajectories%20as%20a%20framework%20for%20monitoring%20wetland%20restoration%20progress%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matthews%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Greg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spyreas%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%221.%20Environmental%20policies%20that%20use%20ecological%20restoration%20to%20offset%20the%20destruction%20of%20natural%20ecosystems%20assume%20that%20restorations%20readily%20compensate%20for%20the%20losses%20because%20they%20progress%20reliably%20and%20predictably%20over%20time%2C%20following%20deterministic%20successional%20trajectories.%20However%2C%20succession%20and%20restoration%20are%20spatially%20and%20historically%20contingent%20processes%2C%20often%20characterized%20by%20divergent%20trajectories%20that%20deviate%20from%20expectations.%202.%20We%20develop%20a%20framework%20for%20monitoring%20restorations%20that%20integrates%20two%20ideas%20from%20succession%20theory%3A%20convergence%20vs.%20divergence%20in%20species%20composition%20among%20successional%20sites%2C%20and%20progression%20towards%20vs.%20deviation%20from%20an%20expected%20community%20state.%20We%20apply%20this%20framework%20to%20short-%20and%20long-term%20monitoring%20data%20from%2011%20restored%20wetlands%20in%20Illinois%2C%20USA%2C%20by%20comparing%20plant%20species%20composition%20among%20restored%20wetlands%20over%20time%20and%20between%20restored%20wetlands%20and%20two%20sets%20of%20reference%20wetlands%20%28high%20integrity%2C%20%5Cu2018target%5Cu2019%20wetlands%20and%20low%20integrity%2C%20degraded%20wetlands%29.%203.%20Over%20the%20first%204%20years%2C%20restored%20wetlands%20that%20were%20initially%20similar%20in%20species%20composition%20diverged%2C%20progressing%20towards%20different%20high%20integrity%20target%20states.%20Planting%20a%20large%20number%20of%20native%20species%20in%20restorations%20increased%20their%20similarity%20to%20reference%20wetlands.%204.%20Over%20longer%20time%20scales%20%285%5Cu201311%20years%20post-restoration%29%2C%20however%2C%20restored%20wetlands%20deviated%20from%20the%20ideal%20trajectory%20and%20converged%20upon%20the%20species%20composition%20of%20degraded%20wetlands%2C%20mainly%20because%20of%20non-native%20species%20invasion.%205.%20Synthesis%20and%20applications.%20Framing%20restoration%20trajectories%20in%20terms%20of%20compositional%20convergence%5C%2Fdivergence%20and%20progression%20towards%5C%2Fdeviation%20from%20an%20acceptable%20range%20of%20reference%20sites%20is%20useful%20for%20monitoring%20restoration%20progress%2C%20identifying%20constraints%20to%20success%20and%20predicting%20restoration%20outcomes.%20Barriers%20to%20restoration%2C%20including%20non-native%20species%20and%20a%20lack%20of%20native%20propagules%2C%20can%20limit%20long-term%20progression%20towards%20target%20communities%20and%20constrain%20restoration%20to%20undesirable%20outcomes.%20Furthermore%2C%20convergence%20of%20restored%20wetlands%20on%20an%20undesirable%20community%20state%20limits%20the%20effectiveness%20of%20wetland%20mitigation%20policies.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2664.2010.01862.x%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1365-2664.2010.01862.x%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221365-2664%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S3QW926H%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chen%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BChen%20H%2C%20Qian%20H%2C%20Spyreas%20G%2C%20Crossland%20M.%202010.%20BIODIVERSITY%20RESEARCH%3A%20Native-exotic%20species%20richness%20relationships%20across%20spatial%20scales%20and%20biotic%20homogenization%20in%20wetland%20plant%20communities%20of%20Illinois%2C%20USA.%20Diversity%20and%20Distributions.%2016%285%29%3A737%26%23x2013%3B743%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1472-4642.2010.00679.x%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1472-4642.2010.00679.x%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1472-4642.2010.00679.x%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22BIODIVERSITY%20RESEARCH%3A%20Native-exotic%20species%20richness%20relationships%20across%20spatial%20scales%20and%20biotic%20homogenization%20in%20wetland%20plant%20communities%20of%20Illinois%2C%20USA%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hua%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Qian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Greg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spyreas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crossland%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Aim%20To%20examine%20native-exotic%20species%20richness%20relationships%20across%20spatial%20scales%20and%20corresponding%20biotic%20homogenization%20in%20wetland%20plant%20communities.%20Location%20Illinois%2C%20USA.%20Methods%20We%20analysed%20the%20native-exotic%20species%20richness%20relationship%20for%20vascular%20plants%20at%20three%20spatial%20scales%20%28small%2C%200.25%20m2%20of%20sample%20area%3B%20medium%2C%201%20m2%20of%20sample%20area%3B%20large%2C%205%20m2%20of%20sample%20area%29%20in%20103%20wetlands%20across%20Illinois.%20At%20each%20scale%2C%20Spearman%5Cu2019s%20correlation%20coefficient%20between%20native%20and%20exotic%20richness%20was%20calculated.%20We%20also%20investigated%20the%20potential%20for%20biotic%20homogenization%20by%20comparing%20all%20species%20surveyed%20in%20a%20wetland%20community%20%28from%20the%20large%20sample%20area%29%20with%20the%20species%20composition%20in%20all%20other%20wetlands%20using%20paired%20comparisons%20of%20their%20Jaccard%5Cu2019s%20and%20Simpson%5Cu2019s%20similarity%20indices.%20Results%20At%20large%20and%20medium%20scales%2C%20native%20richness%20was%20positively%20correlated%20with%20exotic%20richness%2C%20with%20the%20strength%20of%20the%20correlation%20decreasing%20from%20the%20large%20to%20the%20medium%20scale%3B%20at%20the%20smallest%20scale%2C%20the%20native-exotic%20richness%20correlation%20was%20negative.%20The%20average%20value%20for%20homogenization%20indices%20was%200.096%20and%200.168%2C%20using%20Jaccard%5Cu2019s%20and%20Simpson%5Cu2019s%20indices%2C%20respectively%2C%20indicating%20that%20these%20wetland%20plant%20communities%20have%20been%20homogenized%20because%20of%20invasion%20by%20exotic%20species.%20Main%20Conclusions%20Our%20study%20demonstrated%20a%20clear%20shift%20from%20a%20positive%20to%20a%20negative%20native-exotic%20species%20richness%20relationship%20from%20larger%20to%20smaller%20spatial%20scales.%20The%20negative%20native-exotic%20richness%20relationship%20that%20we%20found%20is%20suggested%20to%20result%20from%20direct%20biotic%20interactions%20%28competitive%20exclusion%29%20between%20native%20and%20exotic%20species%2C%20whereas%20positive%20correlations%20likely%20reflect%20the%20more%20prominent%20influence%20of%20habitat%20heterogeneity%20on%20richness%20at%20larger%20scales.%20Our%20finding%20of%20homogenization%20at%20the%20community%20level%20extends%20conclusions%20from%20previous%20studies%20having%20found%20this%20pattern%20at%20much%20larger%20spatial%20scales.%20Furthermore%2C%20these%20results%20suggest%20that%20even%20while%20exhibiting%20a%20positive%20native-exotic%20richness%20relationship%2C%20community%20level%20biotas%20can%5C%2Fare%20still%20being%20homogenized%20because%20of%20exotic%20species%20invasion.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1472-4642.2010.00679.x%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1472-4642.2010.00679.x%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221472-4642%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZQZIWHAG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Lankau%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009-09-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLankau%20RA%2C%20Nuzzo%20V%2C%20Spyreas%20G%2C%20Davis%20AS.%202009.%20Evolutionary%20limits%20ameliorate%20the%20negative%20impact%20of%20an%20invasive%20plant.%20Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences.%20106%2836%29%3A15362%26%23x2013%3B15367%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.pnas.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.0905446106%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.pnas.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.0905446106%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.0905446106%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Evolutionary%20limits%20ameliorate%20the%20negative%20impact%20of%20an%20invasive%20plant%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lankau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Victoria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nuzzo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Greg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spyreas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adam%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Invasive%20species%20can%20quickly%20transform%20biological%20communities%20due%20to%20their%20high%20abundance%20and%20strong%20impacts%20on%20native%20species%2C%20in%20part%20because%20they%20can%20be%20released%20from%20the%20ecological%20forces%20that%20limit%20native%20populations.%20However%2C%20little%20is%20known%20about%20the%20long-term%20dynamics%20of%20invasions%3B%20do%20invaders%20maintain%20their%20dominant%20status%20over%20long%20time%20spans%2C%20or%20do%20new%20ecological%20and%20evolutionary%20forces%20eventually%20develop%20to%20limit%20their%20populations%3F%20Alliaria%20petiolata%20is%20a%20Eurasian%20species%20that%20aggressively%20invades%20North%20American%20forest%20understories%2C%20in%20part%20due%20to%20the%20production%20of%20toxic%20phytochemicals.%20Here%20we%20document%20a%20marked%20decline%20in%20its%20phytotoxin%20production%20and%20a%20consequent%20decline%20in%20their%20impact%20on%20three%20native%20species%2C%20across%20a%2050%2B%20year%20chronosequence%20of%20Alliaria%20petiolata%20invasion.%20Genetic%20evidence%20suggests%20that%20these%20patterns%20result%20from%20natural%20selection%20for%20decreased%20phytotoxin%20production%20rather%20than%20founder%20effects%20during%20introduction%20and%20spread.%20These%20patterns%20are%20consistent%20with%20the%20finding%20of%20slowing%20A.%20petiolata%20population%20growth%20and%20rebounding%20native%20species%20abundance%20across%20a%20separate%20chronosequence%20in%20Illinois%2C%20U.S.%20These%20results%20suggest%20that%20this%20invader%20is%20developing%20evolutionary%20limits%20in%20its%20introduced%20range%20and%20highlight%20the%20importance%20of%20understanding%20the%20long-term%20processes%20that%20shape%20species%20invasions%20and%20their%20impacts.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009-09-08%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1073%5C%2Fpnas.0905446106%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.pnas.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1073%5C%2Fpnas.0905446106%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HF8IS57F%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22DeWalt%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDeWalt%20RE%2C%20Cao%20Y%2C%20Hinz%20L%2C%20Tweddale%20T.%202009.%20Modelling%20of%20historical%20stonefly%20distributions%20using%20museum%20specimens.%20Aquatic%20Insects.%2031%28sup1%29%3A253%26%23x2013%3B267%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F01650420903024249%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F01650420903024249%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F01650420903024249%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Modelling%20of%20historical%20stonefly%20distributions%20using%20museum%20specimens%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20Edward%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeWalt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cao%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Leon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hinz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tari%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tweddale%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2211%5C%2F2009%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F01650420903024249%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F01650420903024249%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220165-0424%2C%201744-4152%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HZBIIFE7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Matthews%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMatthews%20JW%2C%20Spyreas%20G%2C%20Endress%20AG.%202009.%20Trajectories%20of%20vegetation-based%20indicators%20used%20to%20assess%20wetland%20restoration%20progress.%20Ecological%20Applications.%2019%288%29%3A2093%26%23x2013%3B2107%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F08-1371.1%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F08-1371.1%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F08-1371.1%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Trajectories%20of%20vegetation-based%20indicators%20used%20to%20assess%20wetland%20restoration%20progress%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matthews%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Greg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spyreas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anton%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Endress%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Temporal%20trends%20in%20attributes%20of%20restored%20ecosystems%20have%20been%20described%20conceptually%20as%20restoration%20trajectories.%20Measures%20describing%20the%20maturity%20or%20ecological%20integrity%20of%20a%20restoration%20site%20are%20often%20assumed%20to%20follow%20monotonically%20increasing%20trajectories%20over%20time%20and%20to%20eventually%20reach%20an%20asymptote%20representative%20of%20a%20reference%20ecosystem.%20This%20assumption%20of%20simple%2C%20predictable%20restoration%20trajectories%20underpins%20federal%20and%20state%20policies%20in%20the%20United%20States%20that%20mandate%20wetland%20restoration%20as%20compensation%20for%20wetlands%20damaged%20during%20development.%20We%20evaluated%20the%20validity%20of%20this%20assumption%20by%20tracking%20changes%20in%2011%20indicators%20of%20floristic%20integrity%2C%20often%20used%20to%20determine%20legal%20compliance%2C%20in%2029%20mitigation%20wetlands.%20Each%20indicator%20was%20expressed%20as%20a%20percentile%20relative%20to%20the%20distribution%20of%20that%20indicator%20among%20%26gt%3B100%20naturally%20occurring%20reference%20wetlands.%20Nonlinear%20regression%20was%20used%20to%20fit%20two%20alternative%20restoration%20trajectories%20to%20data%20from%20each%20site%3A%20an%20asymptotic%20%28negative%20exponential%29%20increase%20in%20the%20indicator%20over%20time%20and%20a%20peaked%20%28double%20exponential%29%20relationship.%20Depending%20on%20the%20particular%20indicator%2C%20between%2048%25%20and%2076%25%20of%20sites%20displayed%20trends%20that%20were%20at%20least%20moderately%20well%20described%20%28R2%20%26gt%3B%200.5%29%20by%20one%20of%20the%20two%20models.%20Floristic%20indicators%20based%20on%20species%20richness%2C%20including%20native%20richness%2C%20number%20of%20native%20genera%2C%20and%20the%20floristic%20quality%20index%2C%20rapidly%20increased%20to%20asymptotes%20exceeding%20levels%20in%20a%20majority%20of%20reference%20wetlands.%20In%20contrast%2C%20indicators%20based%20on%20species%20composition%2C%20including%20mean%20coefficient%20of%20conservatism%20and%20relative%20importance%20of%20perennial%20species%2C%20increased%20very%20slowly.%20Thus%2C%20some%20indicators%20of%20restoration%20progress%20followed%20increasing%20trajectories%20and%20achieved%20or%20surpassed%20levels%20equivalent%20to%20high-quality%20reference%20sites%20within%20five%20years%2C%20whereas%20others%20appeared%20destined%20to%20either%20not%20reach%20equivalency%20or%20to%20take%20much%20longer%20than%20mitigation%20wetlands%20are%20typically%20monitored.%20Finally%2C%20some%20indicators%20of%20restoration%20progress%2C%20such%20as%20relative%20importance%20of%20native%20species%2C%20often%20increased%20over%20the%20first%20five%20to%2010%20years%20and%20then%20declined%2C%20which%20would%20result%20in%20a%20misleading%20assessment%20of%20progress%20if%20based%20on%20typical%20time%20scales%20of%20monitoring.%20Therefore%2C%20the%20assumption%20of%20simple%2C%20rapid%2C%20and%20predictable%20restoration%20trajectories%20that%20underlies%20wetland%20mitigation%20policy%20is%20unrealistic.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1890%5C%2F08-1371.1%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1890%5C%2F08-1371.1%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221939-5582%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22I88P9GWV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Spyreas%20and%20Matthews%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSpyreas%20G%2C%20Matthews%20JW.%202006.%20Floristic%20Conservation%20Value%2C%20Nested%20Understory%20Floras%2C%20and%20the%20Development%20of%20Second-Growth%20Forest.%20Ecological%20Applications.%2016%284%29%3A1351%26%23x2013%3B1366%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F40062007%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F40062007%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Floristic%20Conservation%20Value%2C%20Nested%20Understory%20Floras%2C%20and%20the%20Development%20of%20Second-Growth%20Forest%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Greg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spyreas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matthews%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Nestedness%20analysis%20can%20reveal%20patterns%20of%20plant%20composition%20and%20diversity%20among%20forest%20patches.%20For%20nested%20floral%20assemblages%2C%20the%20plants%20occupying%20any%20one%20patch%20are%20a%20nested%20subset%20of%20the%20plants%20present%20in%20successively%20more%20speciose%20patches.%20Elimination%20of%20sensitive%20understory%20plants%20with%20human%20disturbance%20is%20one%20of%20several%20mechanisms%20hypothesized%20to%20generate%20nonrandom%2C%20nested%20floral%20distributions.%20Hypotheses%20explaining%20distributions%20of%20understory%20plants%20remain%20unsubstantiated%20across%20broad%20landscapes%20of%20varying%20forest%20types%20and%20disturbance%20histories.%20We%20sampled%20the%20vegetation%20of%2051%20floodplain%20and%2055%20upland%20forests%20across%20Illinois%20%28USA%29%20to%20examine%20how%20the%20diversity%2C%20composition%2C%20and%20nestedness%20of%20understory%20floras%20related%20to%20their%20overstory%20growth%20and%20structure%20%28basal%20area%29%2C%20and%20their%20overall%20floristic%20conservation%20value%20%28mean%20C%29.%20We%20found%20that%20plant%20assemblages%20were%20nested%20with%20respect%20to%20site%20species%20richness%2C%20such%20that%20rare%20plants%20indicated%20diverse%20forests.%20Floras%20were%20also%20nested%20with%20respect%20to%20site%20mean%20C%20and%20basal%20area%20%28BA%29.%20However%2C%20in%20an%20opposite%20pattern%20from%20what%20we%20had%20expected%2C%20floras%20of%20high-BA%20stands%20were%20nested%20subsets%20of%20those%20of%20low-BA%20stands.%20A%20set%20of%20early-successional%20plants%20restricted%20to%20low-BA%20stands%2C%20and%20more%20importantly%2C%20the%20absence%20of%20a%20set%20of%20true%20forest%20plants%20in%20high-BA%20stands%2C%20accounted%20for%20this%20pattern.%20Additionally%2C%20we%20observed%20a%20decrease%20in%20species%20richness%20with%20increasing%20BA.%20These%20results%20are%20consistent%20with%20the%20hypothesis%20that%20recovery%20of%20true%20forest%20plants%20does%20not%20occur%20concurrently%20with%20overstory%20regeneration%20following%20massive%20anthropogenic%20disturbance.%20Nestedness%20by%20site%20mean%20C%20indicates%20that%20high%20conservation%20value%20%28conservative%29%20plants%20cooccur%20in%20highly%20diverse%20stands%3B%20these%20forests%20are%20assumed%20to%20be%20less%20disturbed%20historically.%20Because%20site%20mean%20C%20was%20uncorrelated%20with%20BA%2C%20BA-neutral%20disturbances%20such%20as%20livestock%20usage%20are%20suggested%20as%20accounting%20for%20between-site%20differences%20in%20mean%20C.%20When%20considered%20individually%2C%20conservative%20plants%20were%20actually%20more%20likely%20to%20be%20found%20in%20low-BA%20stands%20%28uplands%20only%29.%20This%20suggests%20that%20floras%20of%20historically%20more%20open-canopied%20oak-hickory%20uplands%20are%20being%20degraded%20by%20canopy%20closure%20from%20increasing%20density%20of%20%26quot%3Bmesophytic%2C%20nonpyrogenic%26quot%3B%20trees.%20It%20also%20indirectly%20suggests%20that%20recent%20moderate%20logging%20is%20uncorrelated%20with%20floristic%20conservation%20values.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F40062007%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221051-0761%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2258BJ9UFF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22DeWalt%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222005-11-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDeWalt%20RE%2C%20Favret%20C%2C%20Webb%20DW.%202005.%20Just%20How%20Imperiled%20Are%20Aquatic%20Insects%3F%20A%20Case%20Study%20of%20Stoneflies%20%28Plecoptera%29%20in%20Illinois.%20Ann%20Entomol%20Soc%20Am.%2098%286%29%3A941%26%23x2013%3B950%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1603%5C%2F0013-8746%282005%29098%5B0941%3AJHIAAI%5D2.0.CO%3B2%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1603%5C%2F0013-8746%282005%29098%5B0941%3AJHIAAI%5D2.0.CO%3B2%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1603%5C%2F0013-8746%282005%29098%255B0941%3AJHIAAI%255D2.0.CO%3B2%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Just%20How%20Imperiled%20Are%20Aquatic%20Insects%3F%20A%20Case%20Study%20of%20Stoneflies%20%28Plecoptera%29%20in%20Illinois%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%20Edward%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DeWalt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Favret%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Donald%20W%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Webb%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Nearly%205%2C000%20historical%20and%20contemporary%20specimen%20records%20of%20stoneflies%20%28Plecoptera%29%20from%20Illinois%20demonstrated%20that%20this%20fauna%20is%20highly%20imperiled%2C%20boding%20poorly%20for%20aquatic%20insect%20communities%20in%20North%20America%20and%20elsewhere.%20Losses%20include%20two%20extinctions%20of%20endemics%20and%2020%20extirpations%20of%2077%20total%20species%2C%20a%20rate%20of%20loss%20that%20is%20higher%20than%20for%20either%20mussels%20or%20fish%20in%20Illinois.%20Another%2019%20species%20%2824.7%25%29%20were%20designated%20as%20critically%20imperiled%2C%20being%20known%20from%20five%20or%20fewer%20locations.%20Two%20families%2C%20Perlidae%20and%20Perlodidae%2C%20experienced%20the%20greatest%20number%20of%20losses.%20Species%20lost%20were%20mostly%20those%20with%20longer%20life%20cycles%20and%20direct%20egg%20hatch.%20Three%20historically%20hyperdiverse%20regions%20were%20identified%20and%20losses%20in%20all%2014%20natural%20divisions%20were%20documented.%20Large%20river%20habitats%20and%20historically%20prairie%20regions%20have%20experienced%20the%20greatest%20proportional%20losses%20of%20species.%20This%20scenario%20probably%20follows%20for%20Ephemeroptera%2C%20Trichoptera%2C%20and%20Odonata%20in%20the%20Midwest%20and%20in%20other%20areas%20with%20similar%20glacial%20and%20cultural%20histories.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222005-11-01%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1603%5C%2F0013-8746%282005%29098%5B0941%3AJHIAAI%5D2.0.CO%3B2%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1603%5C%2F0013-8746%282005%29098%5B0941%3AJHIAAI%5D2.0.CO%3B2%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220013-8746%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223VGR53F9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Spyreas%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222004-10-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSpyreas%20G%2C%20Ellis%20J%2C%20Cunningham%20C%2C%20Molano-Flores%20B.%202004.%20Non-native%20plant%20commonness%20and%20dominance%20in%20the%20forests%2C%20wetlands%2C%20and%20grasslands%20of%20Illinois%2C%20USA.%20Natural%20Areas%20Journal.%2024%3A290%26%23x2013%3B299%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Non-native%20plant%20commonness%20and%20dominance%20in%20the%20forests%2C%20wetlands%2C%20and%20grasslands%20of%20Illinois%2C%20USA%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Spyreas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ellis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Connie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cunningham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brenda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Molano-Flores%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Non-native%20species%20constitute%20one%20of%20the%20greatest%20threats%20to%20our%20indigenous%20biota.%20We%20used%20data%20from%20vegetation%20surveys%20of%20ground%2C%20shrub%2C%20and%20canopy%20strata%20from%201997-2001%20at%20399%20randomly%20selected%20forests%2C%20wetlands%2C%20and%20grasslands%20to%20elucidate%20non-native%20plant%20pervasiveness%20throughout%20Illinois.%20The%20dominant%20non-native%20species%20in%20the%20ground%20layer%20of%20forests%20was%20Lonicera%20japonica%20Thunb.%2C%20in%20wetlands%20it%20was%20Phalaris%20arundinacea%20L.%2C%20in%20prairie%20grasslands%20it%20was%20Poa%20pratensis%20L.%2C%20and%20across%20all%20grasslands%20it%20was%20Festuca%20arundinacea%20Schreb.%20Though%20rarely%20recognized%20as%20exotic%2C%20several%20of%20the%20most%20prevalent%20non-natives%20were%20introduced%20ecotypes%20or%20cultivars%20of%20cosmopolitan%20species.%20Conversely%2C%20some%20well-known%20exotics%20were%20surprisingly%20uncommon.%20Non-native%20species%20were%20more%20dominant%20in%20the%20ground%20cover%20%289%25%20forests%2C%2033%25%20wetlands%2C%2036%25%20prairie%20grasslands%2C%2076%25%20secondary%20grasslands%29%20than%20in%20the%20shrub%20and%20canopy%20strata%20across%20the%20state.%20Non-native%20ground%20cover%20varied%20regionally%20in%20forests%20and%20wetlands%20while%2C%20overall%2C%20the%20southern%20third%20of%20the%20state%20had%20significantly%20lower%20non-native%20cover.%20These%20regional%20patterns%20may%20be%20related%20to%20isolation%20from%20metropolitan%20areas%2C%20historical%20disturbances%2C%20current%20land%20use%2C%20unique%20edaphic%20features%2C%20as%20well%20as%20species-specific%20distributions%20for%20the%20most%20successful%20invaders.%20Our%20results%20show%20the%20extent%20to%20which%20non-native%20species%20have%20permeated%20Illinois%20habitats%20and%20replaced%20native%20plant%20communities.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222004-10-01%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229J4GBG4X%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6437486%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Favret%20and%20Dewalt%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222002-01-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BFavret%20C%2C%20Dewalt%20RE.%202002.%20Comparing%20the%20Ephemeroptera%20and%20Plecoptera%20Specimen%20Databases%20at%20the%20Illinois%20Natural%20History%20Survey%20and%20Using%20Them%20to%20Document%20Changes%20in%20the%20Illinois%20Fauna.%20Ann%20Entomol%20Soc%20Am.%2095%281%29%3A35%26%23x2013%3B40%20%5Baccessed%202026%20Feb%2021%5D.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1603%5C%2F0013-8746%282002%29095%5B0035%3ACTEAPS%5D2.0.CO%3B2%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1603%5C%2F0013-8746%282002%29095%5B0035%3ACTEAPS%5D2.0.CO%3B2%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1603%5C%2F0013-8746%282002%29095%255B0035%3ACTEAPS%255D2.0.CO%3B2%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Comparing%20the%20Ephemeroptera%20and%20Plecoptera%20Specimen%20Databases%20at%20the%20Illinois%20Natural%20History%20Survey%20and%20Using%20Them%20to%20Document%20Changes%20in%20the%20Illinois%20Fauna%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Favret%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dewalt%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Databasing%20of%20all%20Ephemeroptera%20and%20Plecoptera%20specimens%20in%20the%20Illinois%20Natural%20History%20Survey%20Insect%20Collection%20has%20recently%20been%20completed.%20Both%20databases%20are%20Internet-searchable%20in%20a%20simplified%20format%20%28http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.inhs.uiuc.edu%5C%2Fcbd%5C%2FEPT%5C%2Findex.html%29.%20Analysis%20of%20the%20databases%20shows%20that%20the%20Plecoptera%20are%20at%20a%20much%20better%20level%20of%20determination%20than%20the%20Ephemeroptera%2C%20with%2088%25%20of%20the%20specimens%20determined%20to%20the%20species%20level.%20Only%2022%25%20of%20Ephemeroptera%20specimens%20have%20been%20determined%20to%20species.%20The%20Ephemeroptera%20collection%20is%20also%20much%20more%20narrow%20in%20geographic%20scope%2C%20with%2074%25%20of%20determined%20specimens%20from%20Illinois.%20In%20contrast%2C%20only%2030%25%20of%20determined%20Plecoptera%20specimens%20are%20from%20Illinois%2C%20with%20most%20of%20the%20remainder%20being%20from%20across%20the%20United%20States.%20Four%20new%20Illinois%20records%20were%20uncovered%20in%20the%20Ephemeroptera%20database%3A%20Caenis%20diminuta%20Walker%2C%20C.%20punctata%20McDunnough%2C%20Pseudocloeon%20ephippiatum%20%28Traver%29%2C%20and%20Serratella%20deficiens%20%28Morgan%29.%20Analyses%20of%20the%20data%20document%20range%20reductions%20in%20Illinois%20of%20the%20stonefly%20Neoperla%20clymene%20%28Newman%29%20and%20the%20mayfly%20Pseudiron%20centralis%20McDunnough%2C%20range%20expansion%20in%20the%20stonefly%20Perlesta%20nelsoni%20Stark%2C%20and%20a%20shift%20in%20the%20prevalence%20of%20perlid%20stonefly%20species%20assemblages%20from%20Acroneuria%20in%20the%20first%20half%20of%20the%2020th%20century%20to%20Perlesta%20in%20the%20second%20half.%20We%20also%20discuss%20the%20change%20in%20Plecoptera%20diversity%20between%20historic%20and%20modern%20records%20from%20Illinois%2C%20and%20compare%20the%20relative%20stability%20of%20Plecoptera%20species%20assemblages%20from%20the%20major%20ecological%20regions%20of%20the%20state.%20We%20encourage%20entomologists%20to%20find%20other%20uses%20for%20these%20data%20and%20to%20contribute%20a%20growing%20pool%20of%20historic%20specimen-level%20data%20at%20their%20own%20institutions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222002-01-01%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1603%5C%2F0013-8746%282002%29095%5B0035%3ACTEAPS%5D2.0.CO%3B2%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1603%5C%2F0013-8746%282002%29095%5B0035%3ACTEAPS%5D2.0.CO%3B2%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220013-8746%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22LB7WQIYI%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-02-21T00%3A59%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Emmet RL, Stodola KW, Benson TJ, Allen ML. 2023. Effects of multiple aspects of anthropogenic landscape change on mesopredator relative abundance Ferreras P, editor. Wildlife Res. 51(1) [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://www.publish.csiro.au/WR/WR22080. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR22080
Beaury EM et al. 2023. Macroscale analyses suggest invasive plant impacts depend more on the composition of invading plants than on environmental context. Global Ecol Biogeogr. 32(11):1964–1976 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/geb.13749. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13749
Roche MD et al. 2023. Invasion‐mediated mutualism disruption is evident across heterogeneous environmental conditions and varying invasion intensities. Ecography. 2023(7):e06434 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://nsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ecog.06434. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.06434
Mola JM et al. 2021. Long‐term surveys support declines in early season forest plants used by bumblebees. Journal of Applied Ecology. 58(7):1431–1441 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13886. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13886
Zinnen J, Spyreas G, Zaya DN, Matthews JW. 2021. Niche ecology in Floristic Quality Assessment: Are species with higher conservatism more specialized? Ecological Indicators. 121:107078 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X20310177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107078
Pearse IS, Sofaer HR, Zaya DN, Spyreas G. 2019. Non‐native plants have greater impacts because of differing per‐capita effects and nonlinear abundance–impact curves Vila M, editor. Ecology Letters. 22(8):1214–1220 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.13284. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13284
Zaya DN, Pearse IS, Spyreas G. 2017. Long-Term Trends in Midwestern Milkweed Abundances and Their Relevance to Monarch Butterfly Declines. BioScience. 67(4):343–356 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/biosci/biw186. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biw186
Matthews JW, Spyreas G, Long CM. 2015. A null model test of Floristic Quality Assessment: Are plant species’ Coefficients of Conservatism valid? Ecological Indicators. 52:1–7 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X14005524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.11.017
Pessino M, Chabot ET, Giordano R, DeWalt RE. 2014. Refugia and postglacial expansion of Acroneuria frisoni Stark & Brown (Plecoptera:Perlidae) in North America. Freshwater Science. 33(1):232–249 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/675306. https://doi.org/10.1086/675306
Cao Y et al. 2013. Using Maxent to model the historic distributions of stonefly species in Illinois streams: The effects of regularization and threshold selections. Ecological Modelling. 259:30–39 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304380013001695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.03.012
Webb JM et al. 2012. A DNA Barcode Library for North American Ephemeroptera: Progress and Prospects Fenton B, editor. PLoS ONE. 7(5):e38063 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038063. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038063
Zhou X et al. 2011. Accelerated construction of a regional DNA-barcode reference library: caddisflies (Trichoptera) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Journal of the North American Benthological Society. 30(1):131–162 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1899/10-010.1. https://doi.org/10.1899/10-010.1
Zhou X et al. 2010. Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera fauna of Churchill (Manitoba, Canada): insights into biodiversity patterns from DNA barcoding. jnbs. 29(3):814–837 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-the-north-american-benthological-society/volume-29/issue-3/09-121.1/Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-and-Trichoptera-fauna-of-Churchill-Manitoba-Canada/10.1899/09-121.1.full. https://doi.org/10.1899/09-121.1
Spyreas G et al. 2010. Biological consequences of invasion by reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea). Biol Invasions. 12(5):1253–1267 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-009-9544-y. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-009-9544-y
Matthews JW, Spyreas G. 2010. Convergence and divergence in plant community trajectories as a framework for monitoring wetland restoration progress. Journal of Applied Ecology. 47(5):1128–1136 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01862.x. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01862.x
Chen H, Qian H, Spyreas G, Crossland M. 2010. BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH: Native-exotic species richness relationships across spatial scales and biotic homogenization in wetland plant communities of Illinois, USA. Diversity and Distributions. 16(5):737–743 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00679.x. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00679.x
Lankau RA, Nuzzo V, Spyreas G, Davis AS. 2009. Evolutionary limits ameliorate the negative impact of an invasive plant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106(36):15362–15367 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.0905446106. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0905446106
DeWalt RE, Cao Y, Hinz L, Tweddale T. 2009. Modelling of historical stonefly distributions using museum specimens. Aquatic Insects. 31(sup1):253–267 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01650420903024249. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650420903024249
Matthews JW, Spyreas G, Endress AG. 2009. Trajectories of vegetation-based indicators used to assess wetland restoration progress. Ecological Applications. 19(8):2093–2107 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1890/08-1371.1. https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1371.1
Spyreas G, Matthews JW. 2006. Floristic Conservation Value, Nested Understory Floras, and the Development of Second-Growth Forest. Ecological Applications. 16(4):1351–1366 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40062007
DeWalt RE, Favret C, Webb DW. 2005. Just How Imperiled Are Aquatic Insects? A Case Study of Stoneflies (Plecoptera) in Illinois. Ann Entomol Soc Am. 98(6):941–950 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0941:JHIAAI]2.0.CO;2. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098%5B0941:JHIAAI%5D2.0.CO;2
Spyreas G, Ellis J, Cunningham C, Molano-Flores B. 2004. Non-native plant commonness and dominance in the forests, wetlands, and grasslands of Illinois, USA. Natural Areas Journal. 24:290–299
Favret C, Dewalt RE. 2002. Comparing the Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera Specimen Databases at the Illinois Natural History Survey and Using Them to Document Changes in the Illinois Fauna. Ann Entomol Soc Am. 95(1):35–40 [accessed 2026 Feb 21]. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0035:CTEAPS]2.0.CO;2. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095%5B0035:CTEAPS%5D2.0.CO;2
Technical Reports, Theses, and Dissertations
- Baty, J., D.N. Zaya, G. Spyreas, B. Molano-Flores, T.J. Benson. 2015. Conservation of the Illinois flora: A climate change vulnerability assessment of 73 plant species. INHS Technical Report 2015 (32). Illinois Natural History Survey. Champaign. 211 pp.
- Bol, L., A. M. Holtrop, L. C. Hinz Jr., J. Epifanio. 2007. Evaluating streams in Illinois based on biodiversity. Project Completion Report to the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Illinois Natural History Survey Technical Report 2007/57.
- DeWalt, R. E., C. A. Taylor, J. S. Tiemann, K. S. Cummings. 2009. Aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in Illinois: diversity, changes, and prospects for the future, pp. 163-176. In: C. A. Taylor, J. B. Taft, and C. E. Warwick (eds.). Canaries in the Catbird Seat: The Past, Present, and Future of Biological Resources in a Changing Environment. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 30. 306 pp.
- Ellis, J., J. Forrest, T. Rye. 2010. A Botanical Assessment of Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) Sites in Illinois. INHS Technical Report 2010 (09). Illinois Natural History Survey. Champaign. 74 pp.
- Ellis, J., J. Forrest. 2010. Additional Botanical Assessment of Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) Sites in Illinois. INHS Technical Report 2010 (47). Illinois Natural History Survey. Champaign. 51 pp.
- Mountjoy, N.J. 2014. Community-based natural resource management: Group capacity, resource management planning and assessing success. PhD Dissertation, Southern Illinois University Carbondale.
- Sangunett, B.M. 2005. Reference conditions for streams in the Grand Prairie natural division of Illinois. M. S. Thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
- Spyreas, G., M.P. Ward. 2011. An Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) to monitor and assess Illinois’ wetlands. Final Report CD 00E50901 to U.S. EPA. Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
- Spyreas, G. 2014. An examination of temporal trends, regional variation, and habitat-type differences in site-level Floristic Quality, and their implications for the use of Floristic Quality Assessment. PhD Dissertation, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.
- Wallace, M.P. 2001. A floristic comparison of dry-mesic upland forest communities in Illinois. M. S. Thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
- Wallner, A. 2010. Evaluating North American tallgrass prairiequality using the Auchenorrhyncha quality index. PhD Dissertation, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.
- Wallner, A, Dietrich. 2003. Importance of monitoring terrestrial arthropod biodiversity in Illinois ecosystems, with special reference to Auchenorrhyncha. Critical Trends Assessment Program 2003-2004 Arthropod Report. Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana-Champaign.
Reports
- CTAP Watershed Assessment Reports
- CTAP Annual Reports: 2001, 2002, 2003/2004, 2005/2006